Choice of Anticoagulant in Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Preparation: A Review

Abstract

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is largely utilised in regenerative treatment due to the higher concentration of platelets and growth factors. The selection of an anticoagulant during PRP preparation is crucial, as it impacts platelet yield, activation, and clinical efficacy. This review assesses the commonly used anticoagulants – EDTA, sodium citrate, ACD, and heparin – evaluating their mechanisms, effects on PRP quality, and clinical implications. Sodium citrate is the most used anticoagulant due to its reversible calcium chelation while preserving platelet function. ACD offers similar benefits with added stability, while heparin may induce platelet activation, potentially affecting outcomes. The review also highlights the need for standardized protocols to optimize PRP preparation.

Keywords:

Platelet-rich plasma, Anticoagulant, ACD, EDTA, Heparin, Sodium Citrate.

Introduction:

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood-derived product obtained through the concentration and separation of whole blood, resulting in a plasma fraction containing platelet levels above baseline values [1]. PRP has emerged as an important area of interest in regenerative medicine due to its high concentration of bioactive molecules that contribute significantly to tissue repair and regeneration.